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GRAFSYS (TM) SCIENTIFIC PLOTTING PACKAGE Version 2.01 User Manual and Reference TABLE OF CONTENTS I. COPYRIGHT NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. LICENSE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 IV. INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 V. RUNNING GRAFSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 VI. GRAFSYS MENU SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 VII. FILE FORMAT REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 VIII. COMMAND LANGUAGE REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 IX. CHARACTER FONT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 X. DEVICE AND COLOR SUPPORT REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . 36 XI. PRINTGL SOFTWARE AND THE LASERJET . . . . . . . . . . . 37 XII. FGRAPH MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION GRAPHING PROGRAM . . . . 39 XIII. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 XIV. TRADEMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 41 GRAFSYS (TM) SCIENTIFIC PLOTTING PACKAGE Version 2.01 User Manual and Reference I. COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright (C) 1990 by Francis J. Deck. All rights reserved. All parts of the GRAFSYS package are protected by copyright. You may use GRAFSYS on your system in order to test and evaluate it. You are encouraged to make unmodified copies of the original distribution disk and pass them along to others. If you decide to make use of GRAFSYS, you must become a registered user. See Section II for details on how to do this. The word GRAFSYS is a trademark of Francis J. Deck. GRAFSYS Page 2 II. LICENSE INFORMATION A. Price Schedule 1. Individuals and Corporations The basic license fee is U.S. $35, plus 5% Indiana sales tax if applicable. Use the order form at the end of this document. Or, you can have GRAFSYS print out an order blank in the About GRAFSYS menu. 2. Students The student license fee is U.S. $15, plus 5% Indiana sales tax if applicable. You must provide some kind of proof that you are currently enrolled as a student, such as a photocopy of your student I.D. 3. Quantity Discount You can buy multiple GRAFSYS licenses for use within a single organization at a substantial reduction in price. The price for multiple copies is: $35 * sqrt(n) In other words, you take the square root of the number of licenses and multiply by $35. The multiple license allows you to install GRAFSYS on n computers. You will receive two copies of the GRAFSYS disks with your order, regardless of n. You are expected to take care of distribution of GRAFSYS within your organization. B. Purchase Orders Purchase orders (net 30) from companies, schools, or the government in the U.S. and Canada will also be accepted. Send your order to this address: Francis Deck P.O. Box 611 Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0611 Make checks payable to: Francis J. Deck GRAFSYS Page 3 You may not use a purchase order to purchase a license at the student price. C. Benefits of Registration 1. You will receive a disk containing the latest version of GRAFSYS. Please specify 3.5" or 5.25" disk size. 2. You will be informed of the next update. 3. Your software license permits you to use GRAFSYS on one computer at a time. The license covers all future versions of GRAFSYS, but you are responsible for obtaining a copy of any update beyond the single copy you are entitled to upon registration. Generally, you can obtain an updated copy from a reputable Shareware distributor or bulletin board. The following company has agreed to distribute copies of GRAFSYS, at a reasonable price: Public Brand Software P.O. Box 51315 Indianapolis, IN 46251 1-800-426-DISK 1-800-727-3476 in Indiana 317-856-7571 in Indianapolis Since I cannot provide the kind of distribution services that PBS can, I decided that it is better if users obtained update copies from them, rather than me. I will keep PBS updated with the latest version. GRAFSYS Page 4 III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS GRAFSYS will operate on IBM PC and fully-compatible computers, and on many non-DOS computers which have a DOS "window." The following are minimum requirements: * PC- or MS-DOS 2.00 or higher. * Two floppy drives, or one floppy and one hard drive. * At least 384K memory, but the more the merrier! * A standard graphics adapter. The following hardcopy devices are supported: * Postscript PDL devices including the Apple Laserwriter. * HP-GL devices including Hewlett-Packard 7470A pen plotter. * IBM Graphics-compatible dot matrix printers, including most Epsons. * In conjunction with PrintGL, which is included on the GRAFSYS disk, the following printers are supported: HP LaserJet, DeskJet, and compatibles HP PaintJet HP QuietJet IBM Proprinter IBM QuietWriter IBM LaserPrinter IBM ExecJet Canon BJ and LBP Epson 9- and 24-pin printers NEC 24-pin printers Most printers are "compatible" with one of these. Check your manual. GRAFSYS Page 5 IV. INSTALLATION A. Files on Your Distribution Disks Your distribution disk should contain the following files: GRAFSYS.ZIP Main GRAFSYS system. PKUNZIP.EXE .ZIP file extraction program. INSTALL.DOC Installation instructions. B. Hard Disk Installation This example uses C:\GRAFSYS. You could use any other drive or directory: C: CD \ MD GRAFSYS CD GRAFSYS COPY A:*.* PKUNZIP *.ZIP C. Floppy Disk Installation Use PKUNZIP to put the following files on a single floppy disk: GRAFSYS.EXE FGRAPH.EXE GRAFSYS.OVR GRAFSYS.FNT GRAFSYS.HLP INITOPT.CMD *.BGI To run GRAFSYS, insert the disk in drive A: (for example), and type: A: GRAFSYS Later, you can unpack the rest of the GRAFSYS files onto a second disk as you need them. E. GRAFSYS Files The following files are part of the GRAFSYS package. The files with extension .ZIP contain more than one file inside them: GRAFSYS Page 6 GRAFSYS.ZIP Main GRAFSYS system. GRAFSYS.EXE Main program. GRAFSYS.OVR Program overlay file. GRAFSYS.HLP Help file. GRAFSYS.FNT Font file. INITOPT.CMD Defaults file. CGA.BGI Borland graphics display EGAVGA.BGI drivers. HERC.BGI PC3270.BGI IBM8514.BGI ATT.BGI PRINTGL.EXE PrintGL program. PRINTGL.ZIP PrintGL documentation and support files. GRAFSYS.DOC This document. REFCARD.DOC Quick reference card. LASERJET.DOC LaserJet support notes. UPDATE.DOC Update notes. *.DAT Sample data files. *.CMD Sample command files. GPRINT.EXE Driver program for PrintGL. FGRAPH.EXE Program for graphing math functions. HPGL2PIC.EXE Support for Micrografx Designer .PIC graphics file format. INSTALL.DOC Brief installation instructions. PKUNZIP.EXE Program for extracting .ZIP files. GRAFSYS Page 7 V. RUNNING GRAFSYS A. Menu-Driven Mode At the DOS prompt, type: GRAFSYS B. Command File Mode The GRAFSYS command language is a psuedo programming language which permits operation of GRAFSYS in a "batch" mode. It is particularly useful if you want to have a program you have written produce graphics output. Rather than having to write special device drivers, your program just creates a GRAFSYS command file. Then, you run GRAFSYS and supply it with the command file name as follows: GRAFSYS file1 file2 ... filen where file1 etc. are the names of one or more command files for GRAFSYS to execute. The files will be executed one after another, unless a QUIT command is encountered, in which case GRAFSYS will halt. You can also execute a command file from inside GRAFSYS, using the Command File menu option. WARNING: The command file INITOPT.CMD is sacred. It is automatically read when GRAFSYS starts up, and causes all option variables to be initialized. If a line of this file is missing, that option will go un- initialized, resulting in unpredictable operation. Look at SAMPLE.CMD for an example of a command file. Try: GRAFSYS SAMPLE.CMD You can adjust the "defaults" of GRAFSYS by modifying INITOPT.CMD, but do so with care, and never by removing a command. Don't distribute copies of GRAFSYS with modified INITOPT.CMD, since your modifications could disrupt someone else's system. GRAFSYS Page 8 VI. GRAFSYS MENU SYSTEM Most users will operate GRAFSYS via its user-friendly menu system. Each menu displays a list of selections, some of which include a "value." You can browse through the menus by using the following keys: Key: Action: ---- ------- Up, Down Arrows Move highlight bar up and down. Return Select highlighted item. Esc Exit current menu. F1 Display help about highlighted item. Each menu item also has a number. You can select an item by typing its number, followed by pressing the Return key. GRAFSYS will support a mouse if you have resident mouse support installed on your system. This is usually achieved by running a program called MOUSE.COM which came with your mouse. GRAFSYS Page 9 VII. FILE FORMAT REFERENCE A. Data Point Files A data point file must be a plain ASCII "text" file, such as produced by a text editor. If a file is readable through the DOS TYPE or PRINT command, then it is probably readable by GRAFSYS. Most languages automatically produce output in a correct format, unless you tell them to do otherwise. In FORTRAN, just free-format your output files, with spaces between numbers. The file must contain one point per line, with no blank lines. A free multicolumn format must be followed, and the meaning of each column depends on the type of error bars desired. The columns don't have to line up neatly. The following table gives the designations of each column for the various error bar types. The first two columns in the table give the type of error bar for each axis. TABLE OF POINT FILE FORMATS X Y Col#1 Col#2 Col#3 Col#4 Col#5 Col#6 --------------------------------------------------- None None X Y None Symm. X Y dY None Asymm. X Y dY- dY+ Symm. None X Y dX Symm. Symm. X Y dX dY Symm. Asymm. X Y dX dY- dY+ Asymm. None X Y dX- dX+ Asymm. Symm. X Y dX- dX+ dY Asymm. Asymm. X Y dX- dX+ dY- dY+ The "d" refers to the distance of the end of the error bar from the point "centroid" (X,Y). Hence, for symmetrical Y error bars, a vertical bar whose height is twice dY will be rendered. For asymmetrical error bars, two distances are needed, the first for the lower bound, and the second for the upper bound. If there are less columns in a line than required for a particular error bar type, an error will result. If there are more, the extra columns will be ignored, and a warning message will be generated. B. GRAFSYS Command Language Files These are DOS "text" files containing commands to GRAFSYS Page 10 GRAFSYS, written in a psuedo programming language. A command file has one command per line, with blank lines permitted. A semicolon is used to delimit comments. More information about these files can be found in the Command Language Reference section, page 11. The initialization option file INITOPT.CMD is an example of a command language file. Also, look at SAMPLE.CMD on your distribution disk. GRAFSYS Page 11 VIII. COMMAND LANGUAGE REFERENCE A. Introduction This Reference documents the GRAFSYS Command Language. It assumes that you already have some familiarity with GRAFSYS. B. Program Structure A command file should be thought of as a "program", written in a special command language. Each command consists of an isolated keyword or a keyword followed by a parameter list. You must observe these basic rules: * The command file must end with an END statement. * No mor than one command per line. * Blank lines are permitted. * Everything to the right of a semicolon is a comment, unless the semicolon is part of a literal string. C. Literal Constants No "variables" are permitted in the command language. Hence, all fields in a command's parameter list must be filled by literal constants. These may be keywords, strings, or numerics. 1. Keywords Keywords must be typed exactly as spelled in the Reference, with no intervening blanks. Keywords are case-insensitive. 2. Strings Strings are enclosed in single quotes. If you want a literal string to contain a single quote mark, use two consecutive single quotes. 3. Numerics Numeric format is quite free. In some cases, a nonintegral value would have no meaning. 4. Data Points GRAFSYS Page 12 An INLINEDATA command is to be followed by a list of one or more data points. The format for these lines is exactly the same as in a data point file, described above in File Format Reference. A comment line all by itself terminates inline data. D. Syntax Convention The following convention will be used for syntax descriptions: CAPITALS Indicate keywords. lowercase Indicate "variable" fields, which may be filled with numerics, strings, or keywords. 'quotes' Indicate a string field. The quotes must be included literally in the command file. | If two or more keywords are separated by the style bar, then one of these keywords is to be selected. [ ] Square brackets indicate a part of the command which is either optional, or whose existence is dependent on the value of another field. Each entry in the Command Reference will be headed by the keyword in capital letters. Following this will be a description of the command, its syntax, and comments. E. Command Reference No outline headings will be used in this section. Commands are arranged in alphabetical order. AXISLABEL Purpose: Labels for the axes. Syntax: AXISLABEL X|Y 'label' Comment: See the section on Character Font, page 33, for how to use the backslash character to delimit special character codes. Example: AXISLABEL X 'frequency (MHz)' AXISLABEL Y '\omega\ (s\sup\-1\sub\)' GRAFSYS Page 13 AXISLINE Purpose: Line attributes for axes. Syntax: AXISLINE w p c w Width of line in inches. p SOLID DOTS SHORTDASH LONGDASH DOTDASH DOTDOTDASH NONE c Color. Example: AXISLINE 0.01 SOLID 1 Depends on: COLORMAP AXISTEXT Purpose: Text attributes for axis labels. Syntax: AXISTEXT h c h Character height in inches. c Color. Example: AXISTEXT 0.15 1 Depends on: COLORMAP GRAFSYS Page 14 BACKGROUND Purpose: Plot background color. Syntax: BACKGROUND c c User color of background. Comment: See the Device and Color Support Reference, page 36, for additional notes on using this command. Example: BACKGROUND 0 Depends on: COLORMAP BORDER Purpose: Draw or hide border around entire plot. Syntax: BORDER YES|NO Example: BORDER NO BORDERLINE Purpose: Line attributes for plot border. Syntax: BORDERLINE w p c w Width of line p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH, DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE c User color. Example: BORDERLINE 0.01 SOLID 1 GRAFSYS Page 15 COLORMAP Purpose: Maps color numbers to device color codes. Syntax: COLORMAP dev n r dev DMP, HP, POST, SCRN n "User" color number from 0 to 15. Must be an integer. r "Device" color number used by device to represent color. May be an integer or real, and is device-dependent. Comment: If you want to use color in GRAFSYS, you must set up a color map. See the Device and Color Support Reference section below for instructions. Example: COLORMAP DMP 0 0 GRAFSYS Page 16 DATAFILE Purpose: Read a data file. Syntax: DATAFILE 'p' ebars ebars NOERRBARS ERRBARS Y--Symmetrical XNYA X--None, Y--Asymm. XSYN X--Symm., Y--None XSYS X--Symm., Y--Symm. XSYA X--Symm., Y--Asymm. XAYN X--Asymm., Y--None. XAYS X--Asymm., Y--Symm. XAYA X--Asymm., Y--Asymm. p Full DOS pathname of data file. Comment: You must "set up" certain options before executing this command: PLOTSYMBLINE PLOTSYMBSIZE PLOTLINE INCLUDE PLOTSYMBOL ERRBARSHOW GROUPSCALING FILLSYMBOL Note the "None" selection for both FITLINE and PLOTSYMBOL. This is how you decide whether a group will be rendered as a curve, scatter plot, or both. The attributes of the point group will come from the last occurance of any of the above commands. If you do not want to change an attribute between groups, or are comfortable with GRAFSYS's defaults, you can omit the corresponding command. The column format of the file must match the type of error bars chosen above. See the File Format Reference, page 9. Example: DATAFILE 'SAMPLE.DAT' ERRBARS Depends on: PLOTSYMBLINE, PLOTLINE, INCLUDE, PLOTSYMBOL. DATATEXT GRAFSYS Page 17 Purpose: Places a text string anywhere on the plot. Syntax: DATATEXT x y ang ht col 'string' x y Location of lower left-hand corner of text string, in "data" units, meaning as measured by the x and y rulers on the plot. The command PLOTTEXT is the same as DATATEXT, but x and y are specified in inches from lower left-hand corner of plot. ang Angle of rotation of text, in degrees counterclockwise from horizontal. ht Height of characters in inches. col Color in "user" units. Comment: The string can contain special GRAFSYS characters for special symbols, superscripts, subscripts, etc. Also see PLOTTEXT. Example: DATATEXT 1 1 0 0.1 1 'Hello There' DEVICEPATH Purpose: Default output path for hardcopy devices. Syntax: DEVICEPATH dev 'p' dev DMP, HP, POST, SCRN p Full pathname of destination file or logical device for hardcopy output. Example: DEVICE DMP 'PRN' GRAFSYS Page 18 DISPTICKS Purpose: Displace ruler tick marks towards the outside of the data plotting area. Syntax: DISPTICKS X|Y r r Real number from 0 to 1 which indicates the fraction of the ruler tick mark which will extend outside the plotting area. Example: DISPTICKS X 0 EBARFMT Purpose: Error bar format. Syntax: EBARFMT fmt fmt BARANDMARKS BARONLY MARKSONLY Example: EBARFMT BARANDMARKS END Purpose: Signal end of command file. Syntax: END Comment: END is mandatory at the end of a command file. If the intent is to force GRAFSYS to terminate execution entirely, the QUIT command should be used, but the file must still terminate with an END command, after QUIT. Example: END GRAFSYS Page 19 ERRBARSHOW Purpose: Allows error bars to be read in from a file, but hidden from view. Syntax: ERRBARSHOW YES|NO Comment: All subsequent DATAFILE commands will be affected by the last ERRBARSHOW. The idea is to precede a DATAFILE command with ERRBARSHOW. Example: ERRBARSHOW YES EXPLABELS Purpose: Select "exponential" ruler labels. Syntax: EXPLABELS X|Y YES|NO Comment: In exponential (YES) mode, only the significand of each number is printed on the ruler. The exponent part is included in the axis text label. Otherwise, the entire number is printed on the ruler. Example: EXPLABELS X NO FILLSYMBOL Purpose: Causes plot symbols to be filled with color. Syntax: FILLSYMBOL YES|NO Comment: All subsequent DATAFILE commands will be affected by this command. The idea is to precede DATAFILE with a FILLSYMBOL. Note that only Postscript devices support filled symbols. Example: FILLSYMBOL YES GRAFSYS Page 20 FINESPACING Purpose: The small space GRAFSYS places between plot elements for readability. Syntax: FINESPACING l Example: FINESPACING 0.05 FONT Purpose: Select a GRAFSYS character font. Syntax: FONT 'path' path Name of file containing GRAFSYS font. Example: FONT '|GRAFSYS.FNT' FONTLEADING Purpose: Determine the font leading ratio. Syntax: FONTLEADING r r Font leading ratio. Comment: The font leading ratio is the ratio of the amount of blank space left between successive text and numeric characters to the character height. In other words, a larger ratio means more space between the letters. Example: FONTLEADING 0.5 FULLBOX Purpose: Select full or half box around data point area. Syntax: FULLBOX YES|NO Example: FULLBOX YES GRAFSYS Page 21 GRIDLINE Purpose: Line attributes for plot grid. Syntax: GRIDLINE wid patt color wid Width of line in inches. patt SOLID DOTS SHORTDASH LONGDASH DOTDASH DOTDOTDASH NONE color Color in user units. Example: GRIDLINE 0.01 DASHES 1 GRIDLINES Purpose: Grid lines in data point area. Syntax: GRIDLINES X|Y YES|NO Comment: If grid lines are selected, a line is drawn across the plot at the location of each ruler numeric label. Note that more sophisticated grid drawing is not supported because journals don't accept graphs with grid lines. Example: GRIDLINES X YES GROUPSCALING Purpose: Shifting and expansion of group data points. Syntax: GROUPSCALING x0 x1 y0 y1 Comment: The point (x,y) is mapped into the point (x0 + x1*x, y0 + y1*x). This affects subsequent groups read by DATAFILE command. The data points themselves are not changed. Example: GROUPSCALING 0 1 0 1 GRAFSYS Page 22 HPPENSPEED Purpose: Sets the pen speed on the HP pen plotter. Syntax: HPPENSPEED s s Speed in cm/s Comment: The default value of 38.1 cm/s is fine when using the special paper or film supplied by HP, but is too fast for plain paper. We recommend a speed of 15 cm/s for plain paper. Example: HPPENSPEED 38.1 INCLUDE Purpose: Sets include status for subsequent point groups. Syntax: INCLUDE YES|NO YES Include subsequent groups during data ranging. NO Ignore subsequent groups during data ranging. Comment: A good programming practice would be to have an INCLUDE statement before every DATAFILE statement. Example: INCLUDE YES GRAFSYS Page 23 INLINEDATA Purpose: Signal the start of an inline data group in the command file Syntax: INLINEDATA ebars ebars NOERRBARS ERRBARS Y--Symmetrical XNYA X--None, Y--Asymm. XSYN X--Symm., Y--None XSYS X--Symm., Y--Symm. XSYA X--Symm., Y--Asymm. XAYN X--Asymm., Y--None. XAYS X--Asymm., Y--Symm. XAYA X--Asymm., Y--Asymm. p Full DOS pathname of data file. Comment: The full syntax for an inline data group is: INLINEDATA ebars x1 y1[ d1...] x2 y2[ d2...] .... xn yn[ dn...] ;comment line The INLINEDATA command signals GRAFSYS that a data group follows in the command file. The syntax for the data points is exactly as in a data point file. A comment line terminates inline data. A command file can have as many inline data groups as it wants. You must "set up" certain options before executing this command: PLOTSYMBLINE PLOTSYMBSIZE PLOTLINE INCLUDE PLOTSYMBOL ERRBARSHOW GROUPSCALING FILLSYMBOL Note the "None" selection for both FITLINE and PLOTSYMBOL. This is how you decide whether a group will be rendered as a curve, a group of symbols, or both. The attributes GRAFSYS Page 24 of the point group will come from the last occurance of any of the above commands. If you do not want to change an attribute between groups, or are comfortable with GRAFSYS's defaults, you can omit the corresponding command. The column format of the file must match the type of error bars chosen above. Example: PLOTSYMBOL SQUARE INLINEDATA ERRBARS 0.0 0.0 0.05 1.1 1.1 0.04 2.2 2.2 0.02 ;END OF INLINE DATA LOGFLOOR Purpose: Sets "floor" for data values in log or dB plotting. Syntax: LOGFLOOR X|Y r r Floor value Comment: During log or dB scaling, if an X or Y value is found to below r, then it will be given the value of r prior to log conversion. This is useful if you have want to make a log plot of data which have some zero or negative points. Example: LOGFLOOR Y 0.1 MENUCOLOR Purpose: Sets menu foreground color. Syntax: MENUCOLOR c c Integer user color value Comment: See supplemental document on colors for notes on how to use this command. Example: MENUCOLOR 1 Depends on: COLORMAP. GRAFSYS Page 25 MINORTICK Purpose: Sets number of minor tick mark divisions. Syntax: MINORTICK X|Y n n Number if minor tick mark divisions. Example: MINORTICK X 5 NEEDLEBASE Purpose: Sets baseline for "needle" plotting symbol. Syntax: NEEDLEBASE y Comment: The "needle" plotting symbol is drawn as a vertical line segment starting from the data point centroid and ending at a "baseline" y value. Needle marks may point upward or downward from the baseline. If the baseline y value is outside the plot area, the needle mark will be drawn to the top or bottom of the plot area. If a logarithmic y scale is selected then the bottom of the plot area will always be used as the baseline. Example: NEEDLEBASE 0 GRAFSYS Page 26 NLABELS Purpose: Number of ruler numeric labels. Syntax: NLABELS X|Y n n Number of labels. Comment: The specified number of labels is the "first guess" for how many labels will be printed on the axis ruler. The actual number may change slightly during plotting to make the nicest looking plot. Example: NLABELS X 5 NUMLABSTYLE Purpose: How numeric ruler labels are printed. Syntax: NUMLABSTYLE X|Y st st NUMTICK Numbers and "tick" marks TICKONLY Tick marks only. SPACEONLY Space for numbers only. TICKSPACE Tick marks and space for numbers. NONE Example: NUMLABSTYLE X TICKONLY ORIENTATION Purpose: Orientation of plot. Syntax: ORIENTATION PORTRAIT|LANDSCAPE Example: ORIENTATION LANDSCAPE ORIGIN Purpose: Location of origin on paper. Syntax: ORIGIN x y Comment: The origin is the displacement from the lower left-hand corner of the paper. Example: ORIGIN 0.5 0.5 GRAFSYS Page 27 PLOTLINE Purpose: Line attributes used during line plot. Syntax: PLOTLINE w p c w Width of line in inches or cm, depending on UNITS command. p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH, DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, HISTOGRAM, NONE. Comment: These are the line attributes used by subsequent DATAFILE statements. Good programming practice dictates that you include FITWID before every DATAFILE command. Example: PLOTLINE 0.01 DOTS 1 Depends on: COLORMAP PLOTSYMBOL Purpose: Defines plot symbol to assign to subsequent DATAFILE commands. Syntax: PLOTSYMBOL sym sym SQUARE, X, SMALLDOT, DIAMOND, TRIANGLE, PLUS, NONE Example: PLOTSYMBOL SMALLDOT PLOTSYMBSIZE Purpose: Size of plotting symbols. Syntax: PLOTSYMBSIZE w Comment: PLOTSYMBSIZE also affects the width of error bar end caps. Example: PLOTSYMBSIZE 0.05 GRAFSYS Page 28 PLOTSYMBLINE Purpose: Plot symbol line attributes. Syntax: PLOTSYMBLINE w p c w Thickness of line p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH, DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE c Color in user units. Example: PLOTSYMBLINE 0.01 SOLID 1 PLOTTEXT Purpose: Place text anywhere on plot. Syntax: PLOTTEXT x y ang ht col 'string' x y Location of lower left-hand corner of text string in inches from lower left- hand corner of plot. Comment: See DATATEXT above for a more thorough description of this command. PLOTTITLE Purpose: Title of plot. Syntax: PLOTTITLE 'title' Example: PLOTTITLE 'Title of Plot' QUIT Purpose: Terminate GRAFSYS entirely. Syntax: QUIT Comment: This command causes GRAFSYS to terminate immediately, and return control to DOS. Even if you use a QUIT command, you must still have an END command after it to signify the end of the command file. Example: QUIT GRAFSYS Page 29 RANGING Purpose: Auto or manual ranging. Syntax: RANGING X|Y AUTO|MANUAL[ min max] min,max Minimum and maximum bounds for axis. Only needed if MANUAL is used. Example: RANGING X AUTO 1.34 1.56 RANGING Y MANUAL RELEASE Purpose: Release a plot to a device. Syntax: RELEASE dev[ w h] dev SCRN, HP, POST, DMP w,h Width and height of plot in inches. Comment: Width and height are not needed for screen plotting. For hardcopy devices, output will be sent to path named in last DEVICEPATH command. Example: RELEASE SCRN RELEASE DMP 5 6.5 RESOLUTION Purpose: Set resolution for dot-matrix plotting. Syntax: RESOLUTION r r LOW, MEDIUM Comment: The following print resolutions are available for dot-matrix plotting: Low: 60 X 72 dpi Medium: 120 X 72 dpi Example: RESOLUTION LOW GRAFSYS Page 30 REVERSEAXIS Purpose: Reverse an axis. Syntax: REVERSEAXIS X|Y NO|YES Example: REVERSEAXIS X YES RULERENDS Purpose: Force labels at the ends of the axis rulers. Syntax: RULERENDS X|Y YES|NO Example: RULERENDS X YES RULERTEXT Purpose: Attributes of ruler numbers. Syntax: RULERTEXT h c h Height of character. c Color in user units. Example: RULERTEXT 0.1 RULERTICKSIZE Purpose: Size of tick mark on axis ruler. Syntax: RULERTICKSIZE l Example: RULERTICKSIZE 0.1 GRAFSYS Page 31 SCALE Purpose: Sets axis scaling. Syntax: SCALE X|Y LINEAR|LOG|DB10|DB20 Comment: Chooses the method of scaling an axis. The two kinds of dB scaling are: DB10: dB = 10 log r DB20: dB = 20 log r where r is the X or Y value. Example: SCALE X LOG SCRNSIZE Purpose: Indicate physical size of graphics screen to GRAFSYS. Syntax: SCRNSIZE x y Comment: In order to correctly scale characters on the screen, GRAFSYS needs to know how big the screen is. You should measure your screen's active area and provide the dimensions to GRAFSYS. The defaults in INITOPT.CMD are for a "standard" 12-inch diagonal screen. Example: SCRNSIZE 8.5 5.75 TEXTPENRATIO Purpose: Set ratio of text pen width to character height. Syntax: TEXTPENRATIO r r Ratio Comment: GRAFSYS generates its own characters from a built-in vector font. The characters are rendered as a series of line segments. This command adjusts how fat the line used to print the characters will be. Increasing the ratio will make the characters more "bold." Example: TEXTPENRATIO 0.05 GRAFSYS Page 32 TICKLINE Purpose: Line attributes for tick marks. Syntax: TICKLINE w p c w Width of line p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH, DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE c Color in user units. Example: TICKLINE 0.01 SOLID 1 TITLETEXT Purpose: Attributes of title. Syntax: TITLETEXT h c h Height of character. c Color in user units. Example: TITLETEXT 0.1 1 UPPERTICKS Purpose: Select whether or not to display tick marks on the upper and right hand rulers when "full" ruler box is selected. Syntax: UPPERTICKS YES|NO See also: FULLBOX Example: UPPERTICKS YES ZEROAXIS Purpose: Draw x = 0 or y = 0 axes. Syntax: ZEROAXIS X|Y YES|NO Example: ZEROAXIS X NO GRAFSYS Page 33 IX. CHARACTER FONT A. Introduction GRAFSYS uses a special built-in font, and can generate all the stand ASCII characters, as well as the Greek alphabet, mathematical, and other special symbols. In addition, there is a limited capability for subscripts and superscripts. The GRAFSYS font was designed to resemble the font used in most plots in the Physical Review journals. B. Typing Strings Characters that don't appear on the keyboard are referred to by putting the name between two backslash characters. Here are some examples: Title of Plot E = \hbar\\omega\. E = mc\sup\2 If you misspell a character name, or forget a backslash, then the unidentifiable character will be rendered as a "nc" symbol. This is a tiny "n" and "c" in a single character cell. C. List of special characters UNIDENTIFIED CHARACTER nc UPPERCASE GREEK LETTERS UGamma UDelta UTheta ULambda Uxi UPi USigma UUpsilon UPhi LOWERCASE GREEK LETTERS alpha beta gamma delta GRAFSYS Page 34 epsilon Little "E" varepsilon Looks like backwards "3". zeta eta theta O with bar across it. vartheta "Script" theta. iota kappa lambda mu nu xi pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi O with vertical bar. varphi "Script" phi. chi psi omega MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS approx Squiggly "=" sign. cong "=" sign with a squiggle over it. bullet Filled in little circle. neqiv Not equivalent. cents Cents sign. owns Backwards epsilon. nabla "Del" operator. partial Partial derivative operator. ell Script "l" circ Little circle, not filled. times Little "x" for multiplication. parallel Two vertical parallel bars. perp Perpendicular sign. angle Angle sign. therefore Three dots. infinity Lazy 8. ne Not equal. equiv Equivalent. leq Less than or equal to. geq Greater than or equal to. propto Proportional to. rightarr Right arrow. uparr Up arrow. leftarr Left arrow. downarr Down arrow. rad Radical sign. GRAFSYS Page 35 int Integral sign. oint Loop integral sign. dagger ddagger exists Backwards "E" odot Circle with dot inside it. bra Like "<" but skinny. ket Like ">" but skinny. pm Plus/minus. mp Minus/plus. div Division sign. cdot Centered dot for multiplication. OTHER POTENTIALLY USEFUL SYMBOLS spadesuit "Spades" card suit. heartsuit "Hearts" card suit. diamondsuit "Diamonds" card suit. clubsuit "Clubs" card suit. shamrock For Notre Dame fans. Quebec Fleur de Li. backslash \ diamond star square triangle circle ground greekcross crescent starofdavid D. Subscripts and Superscripts GRAFSYS has a rudimentary way of handling subscripts and superscripts. There are two special codes: \sub\ \sup\ Sub moves the "pen" down 1/2 character height, and sup moves it up 1/2 character height. Hence, sub turns on subscripts, and they can be turned back off by sup, and vice versa. Examples: E = mc\sup\2 Drink plenty of H\sub\2\sup\O! GRAFSYS Page 36 X. DEVICE AND COLOR SUPPORT REFERENCE A. Introduction This section documents the the differences in how GRAFSYS handles the various devices. Most users will not need to use this section, unless they want to set GRAFSYS up for color operation. B. Color Maps GRAFSYS uses a color map scheme to improve user- friendliness. Each device renders color differently, but after setting up the maps, the same integer will specify the same color, regardless of device. The basic syntax of the COLORMAP command is as follows: COLORMAP dev n r dev SCRN, HP, POST, DMP n "User" color value, from 0 to 15. r "Device" color value. The user value is the number used in other GRAFSYS commands, such as AXISLINE. The device value is the number which is actually sent to the device, and may be an integer or real. If you define a user color for one device, you must define it for all devices. There are no defaults for color maps. C. Device Support 1. Screen The screen driver supports color fully. Device color values are integers, and depend on which graphics card you have. If you have a Hercules card, you must be careful about how to use the BACKGROUND and MENUCOLOR commands. When in the text mode, colors are interpreted as text attributes, such as underline. Always refer to the documentation for your screen hardware. The screen driver does not support variable pen width. All lines will be drawn one pixel wide. GRAFSYS Page 37 2. HP-GL Device color values are integer pen numbers. GRAFSYS does not know how many pens your particular plotter has. The HP driver does not variable pen width, although pens with different tip sizes may be loaded into the carousel, and selected as different "colors." The PrintGL also has a facility for turning pen numbers into pen widths for raster devices like the LaserJet. 3. Postscript Device color values are reals from 0 to 1, and are interpreted as gray scales. 0 corresponds to "black" and 1 is white, or whatever color paper you put in. Variable pen width is supported. 4. Dot-matrix No color is supported. The background is always white and foreground black. To permit a black background would destroy your print head very quickly. Variable pen width is not supported. All lines are drawn one pixel wide. PrintGL has a dot matrix print driver which supports variable pen width. XI. PRINTGL SOFTWARE AND THE LASERJET GRAFSYS supports only a limited number of hardcopy output devices, and in particular does not support the HP LaserJet, which is the most popular laser printer for PC- and MS-DOS computers. GRAFSYS is bundled with a Shareware package called PrintGL. Since the entire PrintGL package is included, you can distribute it along with GRAFSYS. If, after evaluating PrintGL, you decide to use it, you should pay the registration fee. A. Install the Software The PrintGL software is contained in the archive file called PRINTGL.ZIP The section above on installation describes how to unzip a ZIP file. You should also unpack GPRINT.ZIP, which is inside UTILITY.ZIP. GRAFSYS Page 38 B. Create a GRAFSYS Plot Create a GRAFSYS plot, and plot to a file, selecting HP-GL as the output format. These examples will assume that you have named the file OUT.PLT, but you could substitute any other name. Now exit GRAFSYS. C. Run GPRINT GRAFSYS comes with a program called GPRINT.EXE which provides menu-driven control of PrintGL. Just type: GPRINT or GPRINT OUT.PLT GPRINT will allow you to select the target output device and resolution, then will run PrintGL for you. D. Other Features PrintGL can also be run on its own. It has more features than I could possibly do justice to here. You are encouraged to read the documentation file PRINTGL.DOC. This is a very fine piece of work. GRAFSYS Page 39 XII. FGRAPH MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION GRAPHING PROGRAM A. Introduction FGRAPH is a simple utility for plotting math functions. It acts as a "shell" around GRAFSYS, by producing a GRAFSYS plot file, running GRAFSYS, and then returning to FGRAPH again. Thus, you can type in a function, look at its graph, then edit it again for another try. FGRAPH has a built-in symbolic expression parser and evaluator, so that no compiler is needed to use it. It has a one-screen menu, with a small handful of options for setting plot limits, and saving and loading files. B. Running FGRAPH To run FGRAPH just type: FGRAPH C. Expression Syntax Just about any expression which you would type in, say, BASIC, Pascal, or FORTRAN, is allowed in FGRAPH. Here are some examples: 1 + x*2*(3 - x) 1 + sqrt(x) exp(-sqr(x)) (3 + x)*(4 - x) 2^x Note that the carat (^) denotes exponentiation. Do not use the double-star (**) for this. There is no limit to the level of parentheses, until you run out of the 32K "stack" space for the program. This is unlikely. The maximum length of the expression is 255 characters. Exponentiation (^) is not associative. For instance, 1^2^3 is not ambiguous, since (1^2)^3 is not equal to 1^(2^3). An expression like a^b^c will cause an error message in FGRAPH. However a^(b^c) is OK, since there is no ambiguity. The following functions are supported: sqr(x) Square of x. sqrt(x) Square root of x. exp(x) Exponential of x (e^x). GRAFSYS Page 40 ln(x) Natural logarithm of x. log(x) Common or base-10 logarithm of x. sin(x) Sine of x (x in radians). cos(x) Cosine of x. tan(x) Tangent of x. arcsin(x) Inverse sine of x, in radians. arccos(x) Inverse cosine of x. arctan(x) Inverse tangent of x. abs(x) Absolute value of x. sgn(x) "Signum" function: sgn(x > 0) = 1 sgn(0) = 0 sgn(x < 0) = -1 int(x) Greatest integer less than or equal to x. GRAFSYS Page 41 XIII. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER GRAFSYS is not intended to be a consumer product. It is distributed with no warranty, express or implied. As a professional, you are fully responsible for what you publish. Use of this product acknowledges that you have sufficient competence to evaluate the output of the GRAFSYS program, and determine its suitability for publication or other use. The user must bear all responsibility for direct or indirect consequences of use of GRAFSYS. The author of GRAFSYS disclaims all warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness of this product for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages direct or consequential, which may result from use of this program, including loss of data or any other reason. In no event shall the author's liability for any damages ever exceed the price paid for the license to use software, regardless of the form of the claim. The person using the software bears all risk as to the quality and performance of the software. XIV. TRADEMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This documentation makes reference to the following companies' trademarks: Epson: Epson America HP, LaserJet: Hewlett-Packard Corp. LaserWriter, Apple: Apple Computer MS-DOS: Microsoft Postscript: Adobe Corp. Hercules: Hercules Corp. IBM: IBM Corp. Designer: Micrografx Corp. Although GRAFSYS uses a P.O. Box at the Notre Dame, Indiana post office, the GRAFSYS business is not affiliated in any way with the University of Notre Dame du Lac. The GRAFSYS business receives no material support from the University. GRAFSYS ORDER FORM Remit to: From:______________________________ Francis J. Deck Address:___________________________ P.O. Box 611 Notre Dame, IN 46556-0611 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Quantity Item Unit Price: Extended: ________ ____ ___________ _________ GRAFSYS Software License, ________ Standard Price $35.00 _________ GRAFSYS Software License, ________ Student Price* $15.00 _________ GRAFSYS Distribution Disk, ________ without license. $15.00 _________ Sub Total: _________ If applicable, add 5% of sub-total for Indiana sales tax: _________ Total: _________ * To qualify for the student price, you must supply the name of your educational institution and student number. Disk size: 3.5"_______ 5.25"_______ Name of School:_________________________________________________ Student Number:_________________________________________________ Make checks payable to: Francis J. Deck Terms: Personal check or money order for U.S. funds payable through a U.S. bank. Purchase orders (net 30) are accepted from schools, government, and businesses in U.S. and Canada. You will be sent a diskette containing the latest version of GRAFSYS. Please indicate preferred disk size above. Site licenses are available for GRAFSYS. See GRAFSYS.DOC.