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- GRAFSYS (TM) SCIENTIFIC PLOTTING PACKAGE
-
- Version 2.01
-
- User Manual and Reference
-
-
-
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
- I. COPYRIGHT NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
-
- II. LICENSE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
-
- III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
-
- IV. INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
-
- V. RUNNING GRAFSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- VI. GRAFSYS MENU SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
-
- VII. FILE FORMAT REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
- VIII. COMMAND LANGUAGE REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
-
- IX. CHARACTER FONT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
-
- X. DEVICE AND COLOR SUPPORT REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . 36
-
- XI. PRINTGL SOFTWARE AND THE LASERJET . . . . . . . . . . . 37
-
- XII. FGRAPH MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION GRAPHING PROGRAM . . . . 39
-
- XIII. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
-
- XIV. TRADEMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 41
-
- GRAFSYS (TM) SCIENTIFIC PLOTTING PACKAGE
-
- Version 2.01
-
- User Manual and Reference
-
-
- I. COPYRIGHT NOTICE
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 by Francis J. Deck. All rights reserved.
- All parts of the GRAFSYS package are protected by copyright.
- You may use GRAFSYS on your system in order to test and
- evaluate it. You are encouraged to make unmodified copies
- of the original distribution disk and pass them along to
- others.
-
- If you decide to make use of GRAFSYS, you must become a
- registered user. See Section II for details on how to do
- this.
-
- The word GRAFSYS is a trademark of Francis J. Deck.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 2
-
-
- II. LICENSE INFORMATION
-
- A. Price Schedule
-
- 1. Individuals and Corporations
-
- The basic license fee is U.S. $35, plus 5% Indiana
- sales tax if applicable. Use the order form at
- the end of this document. Or, you can have
- GRAFSYS print out an order blank in the About
- GRAFSYS menu.
-
- 2. Students
-
- The student license fee is U.S. $15, plus 5%
- Indiana sales tax if applicable. You must provide
- some kind of proof that you are currently enrolled
- as a student, such as a photocopy of your student
- I.D.
-
- 3. Quantity Discount
-
- You can buy multiple GRAFSYS licenses for use
- within a single organization at a substantial
- reduction in price. The price for multiple copies
- is:
-
- $35 * sqrt(n)
-
- In other words, you take the square root of the
- number of licenses and multiply by $35. The
- multiple license allows you to install GRAFSYS on
- n computers. You will receive two copies of the
- GRAFSYS disks with your order, regardless of n.
- You are expected to take care of distribution of
- GRAFSYS within your organization.
-
- B. Purchase Orders
-
- Purchase orders (net 30) from companies, schools, or
- the government in the U.S. and Canada will also be
- accepted. Send your order to this address:
-
- Francis Deck
- P.O. Box 611
- Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0611
-
- Make checks payable to:
-
- Francis J. Deck
-
- GRAFSYS Page 3
-
-
- You may not use a purchase order to purchase a license
- at the student price.
-
- C. Benefits of Registration
-
- 1. You will receive a disk containing the latest
- version of GRAFSYS. Please specify 3.5" or 5.25"
- disk size.
-
- 2. You will be informed of the next update.
-
- 3. Your software license permits you to use GRAFSYS
- on one computer at a time. The license covers all
- future versions of GRAFSYS, but you are
- responsible for obtaining a copy of any update
- beyond the single copy you are entitled to upon
- registration. Generally, you can obtain an
- updated copy from a reputable Shareware
- distributor or bulletin board. The following
- company has agreed to distribute copies of
- GRAFSYS, at a reasonable price:
-
- Public Brand Software
- P.O. Box 51315
- Indianapolis, IN 46251
-
- 1-800-426-DISK
- 1-800-727-3476 in Indiana
- 317-856-7571 in Indianapolis
-
- Since I cannot provide the kind of distribution
- services that PBS can, I decided that it is better
- if users obtained update copies from them, rather
- than me. I will keep PBS updated with the latest
- version.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 4
-
-
- III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
-
- GRAFSYS will operate on IBM PC and fully-compatible
- computers, and on many non-DOS computers which have a DOS
- "window." The following are minimum requirements:
-
- * PC- or MS-DOS 2.00 or higher.
-
- * Two floppy drives, or one floppy and one hard drive.
-
- * At least 384K memory, but the more the merrier!
-
- * A standard graphics adapter.
-
- The following hardcopy devices are supported:
-
- * Postscript PDL devices including the Apple Laserwriter.
-
- * HP-GL devices including Hewlett-Packard 7470A pen
- plotter.
-
- * IBM Graphics-compatible dot matrix printers, including
- most Epsons.
-
- * In conjunction with PrintGL, which is included on the
- GRAFSYS disk, the following printers are supported:
-
- HP LaserJet, DeskJet, and compatibles
- HP PaintJet
- HP QuietJet
- IBM Proprinter
- IBM QuietWriter
- IBM LaserPrinter
- IBM ExecJet
- Canon BJ and LBP
- Epson 9- and 24-pin printers
- NEC 24-pin printers
-
- Most printers are "compatible" with one of these.
- Check your manual.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 5
-
-
- IV. INSTALLATION
-
- A. Files on Your Distribution Disks
-
- Your distribution disk should contain the following
- files:
-
- GRAFSYS.ZIP Main GRAFSYS system.
- PKUNZIP.EXE .ZIP file extraction program.
- INSTALL.DOC Installation instructions.
-
- B. Hard Disk Installation
-
- This example uses C:\GRAFSYS. You could use any other
- drive or directory:
-
- C:
- CD \
- MD GRAFSYS
- CD GRAFSYS
- COPY A:*.*
- PKUNZIP *.ZIP
-
- C. Floppy Disk Installation
-
- Use PKUNZIP to put the following files on a single
- floppy disk:
-
- GRAFSYS.EXE
- FGRAPH.EXE
- GRAFSYS.OVR
- GRAFSYS.FNT
- GRAFSYS.HLP
- INITOPT.CMD
- *.BGI
-
- To run GRAFSYS, insert the disk in drive A: (for
- example), and type:
-
- A:
- GRAFSYS
-
- Later, you can unpack the rest of the GRAFSYS files
- onto a second disk as you need them.
-
- E. GRAFSYS Files
-
- The following files are part of the GRAFSYS package.
- The files with extension .ZIP contain more than one
- file inside them:
-
- GRAFSYS Page 6
-
-
- GRAFSYS.ZIP Main GRAFSYS system.
-
- GRAFSYS.EXE Main program.
- GRAFSYS.OVR Program overlay file.
- GRAFSYS.HLP Help file.
- GRAFSYS.FNT Font file.
- INITOPT.CMD Defaults file.
-
- CGA.BGI Borland graphics display
- EGAVGA.BGI drivers.
- HERC.BGI
- PC3270.BGI
- IBM8514.BGI
- ATT.BGI
-
- PRINTGL.EXE PrintGL program.
-
- PRINTGL.ZIP PrintGL documentation and
- support files.
-
- GRAFSYS.DOC This document.
- REFCARD.DOC Quick reference card.
- LASERJET.DOC LaserJet support notes.
- UPDATE.DOC Update notes.
-
- *.DAT Sample data files.
- *.CMD Sample command files.
-
- GPRINT.EXE Driver program for PrintGL.
-
- FGRAPH.EXE Program for graphing math
- functions.
-
- HPGL2PIC.EXE Support for Micrografx
- Designer .PIC graphics file
- format.
-
- INSTALL.DOC Brief installation
- instructions.
-
- PKUNZIP.EXE Program for extracting .ZIP
- files.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 7
-
-
- V. RUNNING GRAFSYS
-
- A. Menu-Driven Mode
-
- At the DOS prompt, type:
-
- GRAFSYS
-
- B. Command File Mode
-
- The GRAFSYS command language is a psuedo programming
- language which permits operation of GRAFSYS in a
- "batch" mode. It is particularly useful if you want to
- have a program you have written produce graphics
- output. Rather than having to write special device
- drivers, your program just creates a GRAFSYS command
- file. Then, you run GRAFSYS and supply it with the
- command file name as follows:
-
- GRAFSYS file1 file2 ... filen
-
- where file1 etc. are the names of one or more command
- files for GRAFSYS to execute. The files will be
- executed one after another, unless a QUIT command is
- encountered, in which case GRAFSYS will halt.
-
- You can also execute a command file from inside
- GRAFSYS, using the Command File menu option.
-
- WARNING: The command file INITOPT.CMD is sacred. It
- is automatically read when GRAFSYS starts up, and
- causes all option variables to be initialized. If a
- line of this file is missing, that option will go un-
- initialized, resulting in unpredictable operation.
-
- Look at SAMPLE.CMD for an example of a command file.
- Try:
-
- GRAFSYS SAMPLE.CMD
-
- You can adjust the "defaults" of GRAFSYS by modifying
- INITOPT.CMD, but do so with care, and never by removing
- a command. Don't distribute copies of GRAFSYS with
- modified INITOPT.CMD, since your modifications could
- disrupt someone else's system.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 8
-
-
- VI. GRAFSYS MENU SYSTEM
-
- Most users will operate GRAFSYS via its user-friendly menu
- system. Each menu displays a list of selections, some of
- which include a "value." You can browse through the menus
- by using the following keys:
-
- Key: Action:
- ---- -------
- Up, Down Arrows Move highlight bar up and down.
- Return Select highlighted item.
- Esc Exit current menu.
- F1 Display help about highlighted
- item.
-
- Each menu item also has a number. You can select an item by
- typing its number, followed by pressing the Return key.
-
- GRAFSYS will support a mouse if you have resident mouse
- support installed on your system. This is usually achieved
- by running a program called MOUSE.COM which came with your
- mouse.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 9
-
-
- VII. FILE FORMAT REFERENCE
-
- A. Data Point Files
-
- A data point file must be a plain ASCII "text" file,
- such as produced by a text editor. If a file is
- readable through the DOS TYPE or PRINT command, then it
- is probably readable by GRAFSYS. Most languages
- automatically produce output in a correct format,
- unless you tell them to do otherwise. In FORTRAN, just
- free-format your output files, with spaces between
- numbers.
-
- The file must contain one point per line, with no blank
- lines. A free multicolumn format must be followed, and
- the meaning of each column depends on the type of error
- bars desired. The columns don't have to line up
- neatly. The following table gives the designations of
- each column for the various error bar types. The first
- two columns in the table give the type of error bar for
- each axis.
-
- TABLE OF POINT FILE FORMATS
-
- X Y Col#1 Col#2 Col#3 Col#4 Col#5 Col#6
- ---------------------------------------------------
- None None X Y
- None Symm. X Y dY
- None Asymm. X Y dY- dY+
- Symm. None X Y dX
- Symm. Symm. X Y dX dY
- Symm. Asymm. X Y dX dY- dY+
- Asymm. None X Y dX- dX+
- Asymm. Symm. X Y dX- dX+ dY
- Asymm. Asymm. X Y dX- dX+ dY- dY+
-
- The "d" refers to the distance of the end of the error
- bar from the point "centroid" (X,Y). Hence, for
- symmetrical Y error bars, a vertical bar whose height
- is twice dY will be rendered. For asymmetrical error
- bars, two distances are needed, the first for the lower
- bound, and the second for the upper bound.
-
- If there are less columns in a line than required for a
- particular error bar type, an error will result. If
- there are more, the extra columns will be ignored, and
- a warning message will be generated.
-
- B. GRAFSYS Command Language Files
-
- These are DOS "text" files containing commands to
-
- GRAFSYS Page 10
-
-
- GRAFSYS, written in a psuedo programming language. A
- command file has one command per line, with blank lines
- permitted. A semicolon is used to delimit comments.
- More information about these files can be found in the
- Command Language Reference section, page 11. The
- initialization option file INITOPT.CMD is an example of
- a command language file. Also, look at SAMPLE.CMD on
- your distribution disk.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 11
-
-
- VIII. COMMAND LANGUAGE REFERENCE
-
- A. Introduction
-
- This Reference documents the GRAFSYS Command Language.
- It assumes that you already have some familiarity with
- GRAFSYS.
-
- B. Program Structure
-
- A command file should be thought of as a "program",
- written in a special command language. Each command
- consists of an isolated keyword or a keyword followed
- by a parameter list. You must observe these basic
- rules:
-
- * The command file must end with an END statement.
-
- * No mor than one command per line.
-
- * Blank lines are permitted.
-
- * Everything to the right of a semicolon is a
- comment, unless the semicolon is part of a literal
- string.
-
- C. Literal Constants
-
- No "variables" are permitted in the command language.
- Hence, all fields in a command's parameter list must be
- filled by literal constants. These may be keywords,
- strings, or numerics.
-
- 1. Keywords
-
- Keywords must be typed exactly as spelled in the
- Reference, with no intervening blanks. Keywords
- are case-insensitive.
-
- 2. Strings
-
- Strings are enclosed in single quotes. If you
- want a literal string to contain a single quote
- mark, use two consecutive single quotes.
-
- 3. Numerics
-
- Numeric format is quite free. In some cases, a
- nonintegral value would have no meaning.
-
- 4. Data Points
-
- GRAFSYS Page 12
-
-
- An INLINEDATA command is to be followed by a list
- of one or more data points. The format for these
- lines is exactly the same as in a data point file,
- described above in File Format Reference. A
- comment line all by itself terminates inline data.
-
- D. Syntax Convention
-
- The following convention will be used for syntax
- descriptions:
-
- CAPITALS Indicate keywords.
-
- lowercase Indicate "variable" fields, which may be
- filled with numerics, strings, or keywords.
-
- 'quotes' Indicate a string field. The quotes must be
- included literally in the command file.
-
- | If two or more keywords are separated by the
- style bar, then one of these keywords is to
- be selected.
-
- [ ] Square brackets indicate a part of the
- command which is either optional, or whose
- existence is dependent on the value of
- another field.
-
- Each entry in the Command Reference will be headed by
- the keyword in capital letters. Following this will be
- a description of the command, its syntax, and comments.
-
- E. Command Reference
-
- No outline headings will be used in this section. Commands
- are arranged in alphabetical order.
-
- AXISLABEL
-
- Purpose: Labels for the axes.
-
- Syntax: AXISLABEL X|Y 'label'
-
- Comment: See the section on Character Font, page 33,
- for how to use the backslash character to
- delimit special character codes.
-
- Example: AXISLABEL X 'frequency (MHz)'
- AXISLABEL Y '\omega\ (s\sup\-1\sub\)'
-
- GRAFSYS Page 13
-
-
- AXISLINE
-
- Purpose: Line attributes for axes.
-
- Syntax: AXISLINE w p c
-
- w Width of line in inches.
-
- p SOLID
- DOTS
- SHORTDASH
- LONGDASH
- DOTDASH
- DOTDOTDASH
- NONE
-
- c Color.
-
- Example: AXISLINE 0.01 SOLID 1
-
- Depends on: COLORMAP
-
- AXISTEXT
-
- Purpose: Text attributes for axis labels.
-
- Syntax: AXISTEXT h c
-
- h Character height in inches.
-
- c Color.
-
- Example: AXISTEXT 0.15 1
-
- Depends on: COLORMAP
-
- GRAFSYS Page 14
-
-
- BACKGROUND
-
- Purpose: Plot background color.
-
- Syntax: BACKGROUND c
-
- c User color of background.
-
- Comment: See the Device and Color Support Reference,
- page 36, for additional notes on using this
- command.
-
- Example: BACKGROUND 0
-
- Depends on: COLORMAP
-
- BORDER
-
- Purpose: Draw or hide border around entire plot.
-
- Syntax: BORDER YES|NO
-
- Example: BORDER NO
-
- BORDERLINE
-
- Purpose: Line attributes for plot border.
-
- Syntax: BORDERLINE w p c
-
- w Width of line
-
- p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH,
- DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE
-
- c User color.
-
- Example: BORDERLINE 0.01 SOLID 1
-
- GRAFSYS Page 15
-
-
- COLORMAP
-
- Purpose: Maps color numbers to device color codes.
-
- Syntax: COLORMAP dev n r
-
- dev DMP, HP, POST, SCRN
-
- n "User" color number from 0 to 15. Must
- be an integer.
-
- r "Device" color number used by device to
- represent color. May be an integer or
- real, and is device-dependent.
-
- Comment: If you want to use color in GRAFSYS, you must
- set up a color map. See the Device and Color
- Support Reference section below for
- instructions.
-
- Example: COLORMAP DMP 0 0
-
- GRAFSYS Page 16
-
-
- DATAFILE
-
- Purpose: Read a data file.
-
- Syntax: DATAFILE 'p' ebars
-
- ebars NOERRBARS
- ERRBARS Y--Symmetrical
- XNYA X--None, Y--Asymm.
- XSYN X--Symm., Y--None
- XSYS X--Symm., Y--Symm.
- XSYA X--Symm., Y--Asymm.
- XAYN X--Asymm., Y--None.
- XAYS X--Asymm., Y--Symm.
- XAYA X--Asymm., Y--Asymm.
-
- p Full DOS pathname of data file.
-
- Comment: You must "set up" certain options before
- executing this command:
-
- PLOTSYMBLINE
- PLOTSYMBSIZE
- PLOTLINE
- INCLUDE
- PLOTSYMBOL
- ERRBARSHOW
- GROUPSCALING
- FILLSYMBOL
-
- Note the "None" selection for both FITLINE
- and PLOTSYMBOL. This is how you decide
- whether a group will be rendered as a curve,
- scatter plot, or both. The attributes of the
- point group will come from the last occurance
- of any of the above commands. If you do not
- want to change an attribute between groups,
- or are comfortable with GRAFSYS's defaults,
- you can omit the corresponding command.
-
- The column format of the file must match the
- type of error bars chosen above. See the
- File Format Reference, page 9.
-
- Example: DATAFILE 'SAMPLE.DAT' ERRBARS
-
- Depends on: PLOTSYMBLINE, PLOTLINE, INCLUDE,
- PLOTSYMBOL.
-
- DATATEXT
-
- GRAFSYS Page 17
-
-
- Purpose: Places a text string anywhere on the plot.
-
- Syntax: DATATEXT x y ang ht col 'string'
-
- x y Location of lower left-hand corner of
- text string, in "data" units, meaning as
- measured by the x and y rulers on the
- plot. The command PLOTTEXT is the same
- as DATATEXT, but x and y are specified
- in inches from lower left-hand corner of
- plot.
-
- ang Angle of rotation of text, in degrees
- counterclockwise from horizontal.
-
- ht Height of characters in inches.
-
- col Color in "user" units.
-
- Comment: The string can contain special GRAFSYS
- characters for special symbols, superscripts,
- subscripts, etc. Also see PLOTTEXT.
-
- Example: DATATEXT 1 1 0 0.1 1 'Hello There'
-
- DEVICEPATH
-
- Purpose: Default output path for hardcopy devices.
-
- Syntax: DEVICEPATH dev 'p'
-
- dev DMP, HP, POST, SCRN
-
- p Full pathname of destination file or
- logical device for hardcopy output.
-
- Example: DEVICE DMP 'PRN'
-
- GRAFSYS Page 18
-
-
- DISPTICKS
-
- Purpose: Displace ruler tick marks towards the outside
- of the data plotting area.
-
- Syntax: DISPTICKS X|Y r
-
- r Real number from 0 to 1 which indicates
- the fraction of the ruler tick mark
- which will extend outside the plotting
- area.
-
- Example: DISPTICKS X 0
-
- EBARFMT
-
- Purpose: Error bar format.
-
- Syntax: EBARFMT fmt
-
- fmt BARANDMARKS
- BARONLY
- MARKSONLY
-
- Example: EBARFMT BARANDMARKS
-
- END
-
- Purpose: Signal end of command file.
-
- Syntax: END
-
- Comment: END is mandatory at the end of a command
- file. If the intent is to force GRAFSYS to
- terminate execution entirely, the QUIT
- command should be used, but the file must
- still terminate with an END command, after
- QUIT.
-
- Example: END
-
- GRAFSYS Page 19
-
-
- ERRBARSHOW
-
- Purpose: Allows error bars to be read in from a file,
- but hidden from view.
-
- Syntax: ERRBARSHOW YES|NO
-
- Comment: All subsequent DATAFILE commands will be
- affected by the last ERRBARSHOW. The idea is
- to precede a DATAFILE command with
- ERRBARSHOW.
-
- Example: ERRBARSHOW YES
-
- EXPLABELS
-
- Purpose: Select "exponential" ruler labels.
-
- Syntax: EXPLABELS X|Y YES|NO
-
- Comment: In exponential (YES) mode, only the
- significand of each number is printed on the
- ruler. The exponent part is included in the
- axis text label. Otherwise, the entire
- number is printed on the ruler.
-
- Example: EXPLABELS X NO
-
- FILLSYMBOL
-
- Purpose: Causes plot symbols to be filled with color.
-
- Syntax: FILLSYMBOL YES|NO
-
- Comment: All subsequent DATAFILE commands will be
- affected by this command. The idea is to
- precede DATAFILE with a FILLSYMBOL.
-
- Note that only Postscript devices support
- filled symbols.
-
- Example: FILLSYMBOL YES
-
- GRAFSYS Page 20
-
-
- FINESPACING
-
- Purpose: The small space GRAFSYS places between plot
- elements for readability.
-
- Syntax: FINESPACING l
-
- Example: FINESPACING 0.05
-
- FONT
-
- Purpose: Select a GRAFSYS character font.
-
- Syntax: FONT 'path'
-
- path Name of file containing GRAFSYS
- font.
-
- Example: FONT '|GRAFSYS.FNT'
-
- FONTLEADING
-
- Purpose: Determine the font leading ratio.
-
- Syntax: FONTLEADING r
-
- r Font leading ratio.
-
- Comment: The font leading ratio is the ratio of the
- amount of blank space left between successive
- text and numeric characters to the character
- height. In other words, a larger ratio means
- more space between the letters.
-
- Example: FONTLEADING 0.5
-
- FULLBOX
-
- Purpose: Select full or half box around data point
- area.
-
- Syntax: FULLBOX YES|NO
-
- Example: FULLBOX YES
-
- GRAFSYS Page 21
-
-
- GRIDLINE
-
- Purpose: Line attributes for plot grid.
-
- Syntax: GRIDLINE wid patt color
-
- wid Width of line in inches.
-
- patt SOLID
- DOTS
- SHORTDASH
- LONGDASH
- DOTDASH
- DOTDOTDASH
- NONE
-
- color Color in user units.
-
- Example: GRIDLINE 0.01 DASHES 1
-
- GRIDLINES
-
- Purpose: Grid lines in data point area.
-
- Syntax: GRIDLINES X|Y YES|NO
-
- Comment: If grid lines are selected, a line is drawn
- across the plot at the location of each ruler
- numeric label.
-
- Note that more sophisticated grid drawing is
- not supported because journals don't accept
- graphs with grid lines.
-
- Example: GRIDLINES X YES
-
- GROUPSCALING
-
- Purpose: Shifting and expansion of group data points.
-
- Syntax: GROUPSCALING x0 x1 y0 y1
-
- Comment: The point (x,y) is mapped into the point (x0
- + x1*x, y0 + y1*x). This affects subsequent
- groups read by DATAFILE command. The data
- points themselves are not changed.
-
- Example: GROUPSCALING 0 1 0 1
-
- GRAFSYS Page 22
-
-
- HPPENSPEED
-
- Purpose: Sets the pen speed on the HP pen plotter.
-
- Syntax: HPPENSPEED s
-
- s Speed in cm/s
-
- Comment: The default value of 38.1 cm/s is fine when
- using the special paper or film supplied by
- HP, but is too fast for plain paper. We
- recommend a speed of 15 cm/s for plain paper.
-
- Example: HPPENSPEED 38.1
-
- INCLUDE
-
- Purpose: Sets include status for subsequent point
- groups.
-
- Syntax: INCLUDE YES|NO
-
- YES Include subsequent groups during data
- ranging.
-
- NO Ignore subsequent groups during data
- ranging.
-
- Comment: A good programming practice would be to have
- an INCLUDE statement before every DATAFILE
- statement.
-
- Example: INCLUDE YES
-
- GRAFSYS Page 23
-
-
- INLINEDATA
-
- Purpose: Signal the start of an inline data group in
- the command file
-
- Syntax: INLINEDATA ebars
-
- ebars NOERRBARS
- ERRBARS Y--Symmetrical
- XNYA X--None, Y--Asymm.
- XSYN X--Symm., Y--None
- XSYS X--Symm., Y--Symm.
- XSYA X--Symm., Y--Asymm.
- XAYN X--Asymm., Y--None.
- XAYS X--Asymm., Y--Symm.
- XAYA X--Asymm., Y--Asymm.
-
- p Full DOS pathname of data file.
-
- Comment: The full syntax for an inline data group is:
-
- INLINEDATA ebars
- x1 y1[ d1...]
- x2 y2[ d2...]
- ....
- xn yn[ dn...]
- ;comment line
-
- The INLINEDATA command signals GRAFSYS that a
- data group follows in the command file. The
- syntax for the data points is exactly as in a
- data point file. A comment line terminates
- inline data. A command file can have as many
- inline data groups as it wants.
-
- You must "set up" certain options before
- executing this command:
-
- PLOTSYMBLINE
- PLOTSYMBSIZE
- PLOTLINE
- INCLUDE
- PLOTSYMBOL
- ERRBARSHOW
- GROUPSCALING
- FILLSYMBOL
-
- Note the "None" selection for both FITLINE
- and PLOTSYMBOL. This is how you decide
- whether a group will be rendered as a curve,
- a group of symbols, or both. The attributes
-
- GRAFSYS Page 24
-
-
- of the point group will come from the last
- occurance of any of the above commands. If
- you do not want to change an attribute
- between groups, or are comfortable with
- GRAFSYS's defaults, you can omit the
- corresponding command.
-
- The column format of the file must match the
- type of error bars chosen above.
-
- Example: PLOTSYMBOL SQUARE
- INLINEDATA ERRBARS
- 0.0 0.0 0.05
- 1.1 1.1 0.04
- 2.2 2.2 0.02
- ;END OF INLINE DATA
-
- LOGFLOOR
-
- Purpose: Sets "floor" for data values in log or dB
- plotting.
-
- Syntax: LOGFLOOR X|Y r
-
- r Floor value
-
- Comment: During log or dB scaling, if an X or Y value
- is found to below r, then it will be given
- the value of r prior to log conversion. This
- is useful if you have want to make a log plot
- of data which have some zero or negative
- points.
-
- Example: LOGFLOOR Y 0.1
-
- MENUCOLOR
-
- Purpose: Sets menu foreground color.
-
- Syntax: MENUCOLOR c
-
- c Integer user color value
-
- Comment: See supplemental document on colors for notes
- on how to use this command.
-
- Example: MENUCOLOR 1
-
- Depends on: COLORMAP.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 25
-
-
- MINORTICK
-
- Purpose: Sets number of minor tick mark divisions.
-
- Syntax: MINORTICK X|Y n
-
- n Number if minor tick mark divisions.
-
- Example: MINORTICK X 5
-
- NEEDLEBASE
-
- Purpose: Sets baseline for "needle" plotting symbol.
-
- Syntax: NEEDLEBASE y
-
- Comment: The "needle" plotting symbol is drawn as a
- vertical line segment starting from the data
- point centroid and ending at a "baseline" y
- value. Needle marks may point upward or
- downward from the baseline. If the baseline
- y value is outside the plot area, the needle
- mark will be drawn to the top or bottom of
- the plot area. If a logarithmic y scale is
- selected then the bottom of the plot area
- will always be used as the baseline.
-
- Example: NEEDLEBASE 0
-
- GRAFSYS Page 26
-
-
- NLABELS
-
- Purpose: Number of ruler numeric labels.
-
- Syntax: NLABELS X|Y n
-
- n Number of labels.
-
- Comment: The specified number of labels is the "first
- guess" for how many labels will be printed on
- the axis ruler. The actual number may change
- slightly during plotting to make the nicest
- looking plot.
-
- Example: NLABELS X 5
-
- NUMLABSTYLE
-
- Purpose: How numeric ruler labels are printed.
-
- Syntax: NUMLABSTYLE X|Y st
-
- st NUMTICK Numbers and "tick" marks
- TICKONLY Tick marks only.
- SPACEONLY Space for numbers only.
- TICKSPACE Tick marks and space for
- numbers.
- NONE
-
- Example: NUMLABSTYLE X TICKONLY
-
- ORIENTATION
-
- Purpose: Orientation of plot.
-
- Syntax: ORIENTATION PORTRAIT|LANDSCAPE
-
- Example: ORIENTATION LANDSCAPE
-
- ORIGIN
-
- Purpose: Location of origin on paper.
-
- Syntax: ORIGIN x y
-
- Comment: The origin is the displacement from the lower
- left-hand corner of the paper.
-
- Example: ORIGIN 0.5 0.5
-
- GRAFSYS Page 27
-
-
- PLOTLINE
-
- Purpose: Line attributes used during line plot.
-
- Syntax: PLOTLINE w p c
-
- w Width of line in inches or cm, depending
- on UNITS command.
-
- p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH,
- DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, HISTOGRAM, NONE.
-
- Comment: These are the line attributes used by
- subsequent DATAFILE statements. Good
- programming practice dictates that you
- include FITWID before every DATAFILE command.
-
- Example: PLOTLINE 0.01 DOTS 1
-
- Depends on: COLORMAP
-
- PLOTSYMBOL
-
- Purpose: Defines plot symbol to assign to subsequent
- DATAFILE commands.
-
- Syntax: PLOTSYMBOL sym
-
- sym SQUARE, X, SMALLDOT, DIAMOND, TRIANGLE,
- PLUS, NONE
-
- Example: PLOTSYMBOL SMALLDOT
-
- PLOTSYMBSIZE
-
- Purpose: Size of plotting symbols.
-
- Syntax: PLOTSYMBSIZE w
-
- Comment: PLOTSYMBSIZE also affects the width of error
- bar end caps.
-
- Example: PLOTSYMBSIZE 0.05
-
- GRAFSYS Page 28
-
-
- PLOTSYMBLINE
-
- Purpose: Plot symbol line attributes.
-
- Syntax: PLOTSYMBLINE w p c
-
- w Thickness of line
-
- p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH,
- DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE
-
- c Color in user units.
-
- Example: PLOTSYMBLINE 0.01 SOLID 1
-
- PLOTTEXT
-
- Purpose: Place text anywhere on plot.
-
- Syntax: PLOTTEXT x y ang ht col 'string'
-
- x y Location of lower left-hand corner of
- text string in inches from lower left-
- hand corner of plot.
-
- Comment: See DATATEXT above for a more thorough
- description of this command.
-
- PLOTTITLE
-
- Purpose: Title of plot.
-
- Syntax: PLOTTITLE 'title'
-
- Example: PLOTTITLE 'Title of Plot'
-
- QUIT
-
- Purpose: Terminate GRAFSYS entirely.
-
- Syntax: QUIT
-
- Comment: This command causes GRAFSYS to terminate
- immediately, and return control to DOS. Even
- if you use a QUIT command, you must still
- have an END command after it to signify the
- end of the command file.
-
- Example: QUIT
-
- GRAFSYS Page 29
-
-
- RANGING
-
- Purpose: Auto or manual ranging.
-
- Syntax: RANGING X|Y AUTO|MANUAL[ min max]
-
- min,max Minimum and maximum bounds for
- axis. Only needed if MANUAL is
- used.
-
- Example: RANGING X AUTO 1.34 1.56
- RANGING Y MANUAL
-
- RELEASE
-
- Purpose: Release a plot to a device.
-
- Syntax: RELEASE dev[ w h]
-
- dev SCRN, HP, POST, DMP
-
- w,h Width and height of plot in inches.
-
- Comment: Width and height are not needed for screen
- plotting. For hardcopy devices, output will
- be sent to path named in last DEVICEPATH
- command.
-
- Example: RELEASE SCRN
- RELEASE DMP 5 6.5
-
- RESOLUTION
-
- Purpose: Set resolution for dot-matrix plotting.
-
- Syntax: RESOLUTION r
-
- r LOW, MEDIUM
-
- Comment: The following print resolutions are available
- for dot-matrix plotting:
-
- Low: 60 X 72 dpi
- Medium: 120 X 72 dpi
-
- Example: RESOLUTION LOW
-
- GRAFSYS Page 30
-
-
- REVERSEAXIS
-
- Purpose: Reverse an axis.
-
- Syntax: REVERSEAXIS X|Y NO|YES
-
- Example: REVERSEAXIS X YES
-
- RULERENDS
-
- Purpose: Force labels at the ends of the axis rulers.
-
- Syntax: RULERENDS X|Y YES|NO
-
- Example: RULERENDS X YES
-
- RULERTEXT
-
- Purpose: Attributes of ruler numbers.
-
- Syntax: RULERTEXT h c
-
- h Height of character.
-
- c Color in user units.
-
- Example: RULERTEXT 0.1
-
- RULERTICKSIZE
-
- Purpose: Size of tick mark on axis ruler.
-
- Syntax: RULERTICKSIZE l
-
- Example: RULERTICKSIZE 0.1
-
- GRAFSYS Page 31
-
-
- SCALE
-
- Purpose: Sets axis scaling.
-
- Syntax: SCALE X|Y LINEAR|LOG|DB10|DB20
-
- Comment: Chooses the method of scaling an axis. The
- two kinds of dB scaling are:
-
- DB10: dB = 10 log r
- DB20: dB = 20 log r
-
- where r is the X or Y value.
-
- Example: SCALE X LOG
-
- SCRNSIZE
-
- Purpose: Indicate physical size of graphics screen to
- GRAFSYS.
-
- Syntax: SCRNSIZE x y
-
- Comment: In order to correctly scale characters on the
- screen, GRAFSYS needs to know how big the
- screen is. You should measure your screen's
- active area and provide the dimensions to
- GRAFSYS. The defaults in INITOPT.CMD are for
- a "standard" 12-inch diagonal screen.
-
- Example: SCRNSIZE 8.5 5.75
-
- TEXTPENRATIO
-
- Purpose: Set ratio of text pen width to character
- height.
-
- Syntax: TEXTPENRATIO r
-
- r Ratio
-
- Comment: GRAFSYS generates its own characters from a
- built-in vector font. The characters are
- rendered as a series of line segments. This
- command adjusts how fat the line used to
- print the characters will be. Increasing the
- ratio will make the characters more "bold."
-
- Example: TEXTPENRATIO 0.05
-
- GRAFSYS Page 32
-
-
- TICKLINE
-
- Purpose: Line attributes for tick marks.
-
- Syntax: TICKLINE w p c
-
- w Width of line
-
- p SOLID, DOTS, SHORTDASH, LONGDASH,
- DOTDASH, DOTDOTDASH, NONE
-
- c Color in user units.
-
- Example: TICKLINE 0.01 SOLID 1
-
- TITLETEXT
-
- Purpose: Attributes of title.
-
- Syntax: TITLETEXT h c
-
- h Height of character.
-
- c Color in user units.
-
- Example: TITLETEXT 0.1 1
-
- UPPERTICKS
-
- Purpose: Select whether or not to display tick marks
- on the upper and right hand rulers when
- "full" ruler box is selected.
-
- Syntax: UPPERTICKS YES|NO
-
- See also: FULLBOX
-
- Example: UPPERTICKS YES
-
- ZEROAXIS
-
- Purpose: Draw x = 0 or y = 0 axes.
-
- Syntax: ZEROAXIS X|Y YES|NO
-
- Example: ZEROAXIS X NO
-
- GRAFSYS Page 33
-
-
- IX. CHARACTER FONT
-
- A. Introduction
-
- GRAFSYS uses a special built-in font, and can generate
- all the stand ASCII characters, as well as the Greek
- alphabet, mathematical, and other special symbols. In
- addition, there is a limited capability for subscripts
- and superscripts. The GRAFSYS font was designed to
- resemble the font used in most plots in the Physical
- Review journals.
-
- B. Typing Strings
-
- Characters that don't appear on the keyboard are
- referred to by putting the name between two backslash
- characters. Here are some examples:
-
- Title of Plot
- E = \hbar\\omega\.
- E = mc\sup\2
-
- If you misspell a character name, or forget a
- backslash, then the unidentifiable character will be
- rendered as a "nc" symbol. This is a tiny "n" and "c"
- in a single character cell.
-
- C. List of special characters
-
- UNIDENTIFIED CHARACTER
-
- nc
-
- UPPERCASE GREEK LETTERS
-
- UGamma
- UDelta
- UTheta
- ULambda
- Uxi
- UPi
- USigma
- UUpsilon
- UPhi
-
- LOWERCASE GREEK LETTERS
-
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
- delta
-
- GRAFSYS Page 34
-
-
- epsilon Little "E"
- varepsilon Looks like backwards "3".
- zeta
- eta
- theta O with bar across it.
- vartheta "Script" theta.
- iota
- kappa
- lambda
- mu
- nu
- xi
- pi
- rho
- sigma
- tau
- upsilon
- phi O with vertical bar.
- varphi "Script" phi.
- chi
- psi
- omega
-
- MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
-
- approx Squiggly "=" sign.
- cong "=" sign with a squiggle over it.
- bullet Filled in little circle.
- neqiv Not equivalent.
- cents Cents sign.
- owns Backwards epsilon.
- nabla "Del" operator.
- partial Partial derivative operator.
- ell Script "l"
- circ Little circle, not filled.
- times Little "x" for multiplication.
- parallel Two vertical parallel bars.
- perp Perpendicular sign.
- angle Angle sign.
- therefore Three dots.
- infinity Lazy 8.
- ne Not equal.
- equiv Equivalent.
- leq Less than or equal to.
- geq Greater than or equal to.
- propto Proportional to.
- rightarr Right arrow.
- uparr Up arrow.
- leftarr Left arrow.
- downarr Down arrow.
- rad Radical sign.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 35
-
-
- int Integral sign.
- oint Loop integral sign.
- dagger
- ddagger
- exists Backwards "E"
- odot Circle with dot inside it.
- bra Like "<" but skinny.
- ket Like ">" but skinny.
- pm Plus/minus.
- mp Minus/plus.
- div Division sign.
- cdot Centered dot for multiplication.
-
- OTHER POTENTIALLY USEFUL SYMBOLS
-
- spadesuit "Spades" card suit.
- heartsuit "Hearts" card suit.
- diamondsuit "Diamonds" card suit.
- clubsuit "Clubs" card suit.
- shamrock For Notre Dame fans.
- Quebec Fleur de Li.
- backslash \
- diamond
- star
- square
- triangle
- circle
- ground
- greekcross
- crescent
- starofdavid
-
- D. Subscripts and Superscripts
-
- GRAFSYS has a rudimentary way of handling subscripts
- and superscripts. There are two special codes:
-
- \sub\
- \sup\
-
- Sub moves the "pen" down 1/2 character height, and sup
- moves it up 1/2 character height. Hence, sub turns on
- subscripts, and they can be turned back off by sup, and
- vice versa. Examples:
-
- E = mc\sup\2
- Drink plenty of H\sub\2\sup\O!
-
- GRAFSYS Page 36
-
-
- X. DEVICE AND COLOR SUPPORT REFERENCE
-
- A. Introduction
-
- This section documents the the differences in how
- GRAFSYS handles the various devices. Most users will
- not need to use this section, unless they want to set
- GRAFSYS up for color operation.
-
- B. Color Maps
-
- GRAFSYS uses a color map scheme to improve user-
- friendliness. Each device renders color differently,
- but after setting up the maps, the same integer will
- specify the same color, regardless of device.
-
- The basic syntax of the COLORMAP command is as follows:
-
- COLORMAP dev n r
-
- dev SCRN, HP, POST, DMP
-
- n "User" color value, from 0 to 15.
-
- r "Device" color value.
-
- The user value is the number used in other GRAFSYS
- commands, such as AXISLINE. The device value is the
- number which is actually sent to the device, and may be
- an integer or real.
-
- If you define a user color for one device, you must
- define it for all devices. There are no defaults for
- color maps.
-
- C. Device Support
-
- 1. Screen
-
- The screen driver supports color fully. Device
- color values are integers, and depend on which
- graphics card you have. If you have a Hercules
- card, you must be careful about how to use the
- BACKGROUND and MENUCOLOR commands. When in the
- text mode, colors are interpreted as text
- attributes, such as underline. Always refer to
- the documentation for your screen hardware.
-
- The screen driver does not support variable pen
- width. All lines will be drawn one pixel wide.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 37
-
-
- 2. HP-GL
-
- Device color values are integer pen numbers.
- GRAFSYS does not know how many pens your
- particular plotter has.
-
- The HP driver does not variable pen width,
- although pens with different tip sizes may be
- loaded into the carousel, and selected as
- different "colors." The PrintGL also has a
- facility for turning pen numbers into pen widths
- for raster devices like the LaserJet.
-
- 3. Postscript
-
- Device color values are reals from 0 to 1, and are
- interpreted as gray scales. 0 corresponds to
- "black" and 1 is white, or whatever color paper
- you put in.
-
- Variable pen width is supported.
-
- 4. Dot-matrix
-
- No color is supported. The background is always
- white and foreground black. To permit a black
- background would destroy your print head very
- quickly.
-
- Variable pen width is not supported. All lines
- are drawn one pixel wide. PrintGL has a dot
- matrix print driver which supports variable pen
- width.
-
- XI. PRINTGL SOFTWARE AND THE LASERJET
-
- GRAFSYS supports only a limited number of hardcopy output
- devices, and in particular does not support the HP LaserJet,
- which is the most popular laser printer for PC- and MS-DOS
- computers. GRAFSYS is bundled with a Shareware package
- called PrintGL. Since the entire PrintGL package is
- included, you can distribute it along with GRAFSYS. If,
- after evaluating PrintGL, you decide to use it, you should
- pay the registration fee.
-
- A. Install the Software
-
- The PrintGL software is contained in the archive file
- called PRINTGL.ZIP The section above on installation
- describes how to unzip a ZIP file. You should also
- unpack GPRINT.ZIP, which is inside UTILITY.ZIP.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 38
-
-
- B. Create a GRAFSYS Plot
-
- Create a GRAFSYS plot, and plot to a file, selecting
- HP-GL as the output format. These examples will assume
- that you have named the file OUT.PLT, but you could
- substitute any other name. Now exit GRAFSYS.
-
- C. Run GPRINT
-
- GRAFSYS comes with a program called GPRINT.EXE which
- provides menu-driven control of PrintGL. Just type:
-
- GPRINT
- or
-
- GPRINT OUT.PLT
-
- GPRINT will allow you to select the target output
- device and resolution, then will run PrintGL for you.
-
- D. Other Features
-
- PrintGL can also be run on its own. It has more
- features than I could possibly do justice to here. You
- are encouraged to read the documentation file
- PRINTGL.DOC. This is a very fine piece of work.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 39
-
-
- XII. FGRAPH MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION GRAPHING PROGRAM
-
- A. Introduction
-
- FGRAPH is a simple utility for plotting math functions.
- It acts as a "shell" around GRAFSYS, by producing a
- GRAFSYS plot file, running GRAFSYS, and then returning
- to FGRAPH again. Thus, you can type in a function,
- look at its graph, then edit it again for another try.
-
- FGRAPH has a built-in symbolic expression parser and
- evaluator, so that no compiler is needed to use it. It
- has a one-screen menu, with a small handful of options
- for setting plot limits, and saving and loading files.
-
- B. Running FGRAPH
-
- To run FGRAPH just type:
-
- FGRAPH
-
- C. Expression Syntax
-
- Just about any expression which you would type in, say,
- BASIC, Pascal, or FORTRAN, is allowed in FGRAPH. Here
- are some examples:
-
- 1 + x*2*(3 - x)
- 1 + sqrt(x)
- exp(-sqr(x))
- (3 + x)*(4 - x)
- 2^x
-
- Note that the carat (^) denotes exponentiation. Do not
- use the double-star (**) for this. There is no limit
- to the level of parentheses, until you run out of the
- 32K "stack" space for the program. This is unlikely.
- The maximum length of the expression is 255 characters.
-
- Exponentiation (^) is not associative. For instance,
- 1^2^3 is not ambiguous, since (1^2)^3 is not equal to
- 1^(2^3). An expression like a^b^c will cause an error
- message in FGRAPH. However a^(b^c) is OK, since there
- is no ambiguity.
-
- The following functions are supported:
-
- sqr(x) Square of x.
- sqrt(x) Square root of x.
-
- exp(x) Exponential of x (e^x).
-
- GRAFSYS Page 40
-
-
- ln(x) Natural logarithm of x.
- log(x) Common or base-10 logarithm of x.
-
- sin(x) Sine of x (x in radians).
- cos(x) Cosine of x.
- tan(x) Tangent of x.
-
- arcsin(x) Inverse sine of x, in radians.
- arccos(x) Inverse cosine of x.
- arctan(x) Inverse tangent of x.
-
- abs(x) Absolute value of x.
- sgn(x) "Signum" function:
- sgn(x > 0) = 1
- sgn(0) = 0
- sgn(x < 0) = -1
- int(x) Greatest integer less than or equal to
- x.
-
- GRAFSYS Page 41
-
-
- XIII. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER
-
- GRAFSYS is not intended to be a consumer product. It is
- distributed with no warranty, express or implied. As a
- professional, you are fully responsible for what you
- publish. Use of this product acknowledges that you have
- sufficient competence to evaluate the output of the GRAFSYS
- program, and determine its suitability for publication or
- other use. The user must bear all responsibility for direct
- or indirect consequences of use of GRAFSYS.
-
- The author of GRAFSYS disclaims all warranties, express or
- implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of
- merchantability and of fitness of this product for any
- purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages direct
- or consequential, which may result from use of this program,
- including loss of data or any other reason. In no event
- shall the author's liability for any damages ever exceed the
- price paid for the license to use software, regardless of
- the form of the claim. The person using the software bears
- all risk as to the quality and performance of the software.
-
- XIV. TRADEMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-
- This documentation makes reference to the following
- companies' trademarks:
-
- Epson: Epson America
- HP, LaserJet: Hewlett-Packard Corp.
- LaserWriter, Apple: Apple Computer
- MS-DOS: Microsoft
- Postscript: Adobe Corp.
- Hercules: Hercules Corp.
- IBM: IBM Corp.
- Designer: Micrografx Corp.
-
- Although GRAFSYS uses a P.O. Box at the Notre Dame, Indiana
- post office, the GRAFSYS business is not affiliated in any
- way with the University of Notre Dame du Lac. The GRAFSYS
- business receives no material support from the University.
-
- GRAFSYS ORDER FORM
-
- Remit to: From:______________________________
-
- Francis J. Deck Address:___________________________
- P.O. Box 611
- Notre Dame, IN 46556-0611 ___________________________________
-
- ___________________________________
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Quantity Item Unit Price: Extended:
- ________ ____ ___________ _________
-
- GRAFSYS Software License,
- ________ Standard Price $35.00 _________
-
- GRAFSYS Software License,
- ________ Student Price* $15.00 _________
-
- GRAFSYS Distribution Disk,
- ________ without license. $15.00 _________
-
-
- Sub Total: _________
-
- If applicable, add 5% of sub-total for
- Indiana sales tax: _________
-
-
- Total: _________
-
- * To qualify for the student price, you must supply the name of
- your educational institution and student number.
-
- Disk size: 3.5"_______ 5.25"_______
-
- Name of School:_________________________________________________
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- Student Number:_________________________________________________
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- Make checks payable to: Francis J. Deck
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- Terms: Personal check or money order for U.S. funds payable
- through a U.S. bank. Purchase orders (net 30) are accepted from
- schools, government, and businesses in U.S. and Canada. You will
- be sent a diskette containing the latest version of GRAFSYS.
- Please indicate preferred disk size above.
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- Site licenses are available for GRAFSYS. See GRAFSYS.DOC.
-